What is Hypothermia?
Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing a dangerously low body temperature (below 95°F/35°C).
Risk Factors
- Exposure to cold weather
- Immersion in cold water
- Advanced age or very young age
- Certain medical conditions
- Alcohol or drug use
- Inadequate clothing or shelter
Signs and Symptoms
Mild Hypothermia (95-89.6°F / 35-32°C)
- Shivering
- Cold, pale skin
- Confusion
- Drowsiness
- Slurred speech
Moderate to Severe Hypothermia (< 89.6°F / 32°C)
- Cessation of shivering
- Severe confusion or unconsciousness
- Weak pulse
- Slow, shallow breathing
- Stiff muscles
First Aid and Treatment
-
Move to Warm Area
- Get out of cold environment
- Remove wet clothing
-
Passive Rewarming
- Use warm blankets
- Cover head and neck
-
Active Rewarming
- Apply warm (not hot) compresses
- Provide warm beverages if conscious
-
Medical Attention
- Seek immediate emergency care for moderate to severe cases
- Monitor vital signs
Prevention
- Dress appropriately for cold weather
- Stay dry
- Avoid overexertion
- Maintain adequate nutrition and hydration
- Check weather forecasts
- Never drink alcohol to "warm up"
When to Seek Emergency Care
- Body temperature below 95°F (35°C)
- Unconsciousness
- Confusion or altered mental status
- Slow or irregular breathing
Special Considerations
- Elderly individuals and children are at higher risk
- Certain medications can increase susceptibility
- Medical conditions affecting circulation increase risk