What is Mallet Finger?
Mallet finger is a deformity of the finger caused by damage to the extensor tendon that straightens the fingertip. This injury results in the inability to straighten the end joint (distal interphalangeal joint or DIP) of the affected finger.
Common Causes
- Direct trauma to fingertip
- Sports injuries (especially ball sports)
- Crushing injuries
- Cuts that sever the tendon
Symptoms
- Drooping of the fingertip
- Inability to straighten the end joint
- Pain and tenderness
- Swelling around the joint
- Possible bruising
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
- Visual assessment of finger position
- Testing of finger movement
- Evaluation of pain and tenderness
Imaging
- X-rays to check for bone fragments
- Sometimes MRI in complex cases
Treatment Options
Conservative Treatment
-
Splinting
- Continuous splint wear for 6-8 weeks
- Must keep finger straight at all times
- Additional 2-4 weeks of night splinting
-
Exercise Program
- Gradual return to movement
- Specific exercises prescribed by healthcare provider
Surgical Treatment
Considered when:
- Conservative treatment fails
- Bone fragments are present
- Treatment delay exceeds several weeks
Recovery and Prognosis
- Full recovery typically takes 8-12 weeks
- Most patients regain good function
- Some may have slight permanent droop
- Early treatment yields best results
Prevention Tips
- Use proper protective equipment in sports
- Exercise caution during activities
- Immediate attention to finger injuries
When to Seek Medical Care
- Immediate inability to straighten fingertip
- Significant pain or swelling
- No improvement with home care
- Signs of infection
Long-term Management
- Follow splinting schedule strictly
- Attend follow-up appointments
- Complete recommended exercises
- Protect finger during healing