What is Meningitis?
Meningitis is inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other organisms.
Types of Meningitis
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Bacterial Meningitis: Most serious form, requires immediate medical attention
-
Viral Meningitis: Generally less severe, often resolves without treatment
-
Fungal Meningitis: Rare, typically affects immunocompromised individuals
-
Parasitic Meningitis: Very rare, usually contracted through contaminated water
Common Symptoms
Early Signs:
- Severe headache
- Stiff neck
- High fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sensitivity to light
- Confusion
Emergency Warning Signs:
- Seizures
- Decreased consciousness
- Rapid breathing
- Skin rash (particularly in bacterial meningitis)
Risk Factors
- Age (young children and older adults)
- Weakened immune system
- Living in community settings
- Skipping vaccinations
- Recent head injury or surgery
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Blood tests
- Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
- Imaging tests (CT or MRI)
Treatment Options
Bacterial Meningitis:
- Intravenous antibiotics
- Corticosteroids
- Hospitalization required
Viral Meningitis:
- Rest and hydration
- Over-the-counter pain medications
- Supportive care
Prevention
- Vaccination
- Good hygiene practices
- Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
- Maintaining a healthy immune system
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Sudden high fever
- Severe, unusual headache
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating
- Neck stiffness
- Seizures
Long-term Outlook
Prognosis varies depending on:
- Type of meningitis
- Speed of diagnosis
- Promptness of treatment
- Overall health status