Understanding Menopause

What is Menopause?

Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of menstrual cycles. It's officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. The average age of menopause is 51, though it can occur between ages 45-55.

Stages of Menopause

Perimenopause

• Begins several years before menopause
• First signs of transition
• Irregular periods
• Duration: 4-8 years

Menopause

• Confirmed after 12 months without menstruation
• Marks end of reproductive years
• Permanent cessation of periods

Postmenopause

• Years following menopause
• Symptoms gradually ease
• New health considerations emerge

Common Symptoms

Physical Changes

• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Vaginal dryness
• Sleep disturbances
• Weight gain
• Joint pain

Emotional Changes

• Mood swings
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Irritability

Treatment Options

Hormone Therapy

• Estrogen replacement
• Combined hormone therapy
• Short-term symptom relief

Non-Hormonal Treatments

• SSRIs for mood and hot flashes
• Vaginal moisturizers
• Lifestyle modifications

Lifestyle Management

• Regular exercise
• Balanced diet
• Stress reduction
• Adequate sleep
• Avoiding triggers

When to See Your Doctor

• Severe symptoms
• Unusual bleeding patterns
• Significant emotional changes
• Prevention screening needs

Long-term Health Considerations

• Bone health
• Cardiovascular health
• Sexual wellness
• Mental health

Prevention Strategies

• Calcium and vitamin D supplementation
• Regular exercise
• Healthy weight maintenance
• Regular health screenings