What is a Migraine?
A migraine is more than just a headache - it's a complex neurological condition that can cause severe, debilitating symptoms lasting hours to days.
Common Symptoms
- Intense, throbbing head pain (usually on one side)
- Sensitivity to light and sound
- Nausea and vomiting
- Visual disturbances (aura)
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
The Migraine Phases
-
Prodrome (Pre-headache)
- Mood changes
- Food cravings
- Neck stiffness
- Yawning
-
Aura (Not experienced by all)
- Visual phenomena
- Numbness/tingling
- Speech difficulties
-
Headache Phase
- Intense pulsating pain
- Peak symptoms
- Duration: 4-72 hours
-
Postdrome
- Lingering fatigue
- Mild confusion
- Weakness
Common Triggers
- Stress
- Hormonal changes
- Certain foods and drinks
- Sleep disruption
- Environmental factors
- Strong smells
Treatment Options
Acute Treatment
- Over-the-counter pain relievers
- Prescription medications (triptans)
- Anti-nausea medications
Preventive Treatment
- Beta-blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Anti-seizure medications
- CGRP antagonists
- Botox injections
Lifestyle Management
- Regular sleep schedule
- Stress management
- Trigger avoidance
- Exercise
- Proper hydration
When to Seek Medical Help
- Severe, unusual headaches
- Neurological symptoms
- Headaches that worsen
- New onset after age 50
Prevention Strategies
- Keep a migraine diary
- Identify and avoid triggers
- Maintain regular routines
- Practice stress reduction
- Stay well-hydrated