What is a Miscarriage?
A miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is the unexpected loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. Most miscarriages occur in the first trimester (first 12 weeks) of pregnancy.
Types of Miscarriage
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Threatened miscarriage: Bleeding with a risk of miscarriage, but pregnancy may continue
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Inevitable miscarriage: Cervix has begun to open
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Complete miscarriage: All pregnancy tissue has passed
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Incomplete miscarriage: Some tissue remains in uterus
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Missed miscarriage: Fetus is no longer viable but hasn't been expelled
Common Causes
- Chromosomal abnormalities (50-60% of cases)
- Maternal age
- Previous miscarriages
- Certain medical conditions
- Severe trauma
- Uterine abnormalities
Signs and Symptoms
- Vaginal bleeding
- Cramping
- Lower back pain
- Loss of pregnancy symptoms
- Passage of tissue
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Heavy bleeding (soaking through pads)
- Severe abdominal pain
- Fever
- Chills
Treatment Options
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Expectant management: Waiting for natural completion
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Medical management: Using medications
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Surgical management: D&C procedure
Recovery and Future Pregnancies
- Physical recovery: 2-6 weeks
- Emotional recovery: varies by individual
- Future pregnancy possible after one normal menstrual cycle
- Discuss timing with healthcare provider
Support and Coping
- Counseling services
- Support groups
- Mental health resources
- Partner support
Prevention
While not all miscarriages are preventable, you can:
- Take prenatal vitamins
- Maintain healthy lifestyle
- Avoid harmful substances
- Attend regular prenatal care
Follow-up Care
- Schedule post-miscarriage check-up
- Discuss contraception if desired
- Plan for future pregnancies
- Monitor emotional well-being