What Are Mouth Ulcers?
Mouth ulcers, also known as aphthous ulcers or canker sores, are small, painful lesions that develop inside the mouth. They typically appear on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or soft palate.
Common Symptoms
- Round or oval sores with a white or yellow center
- Red, inflamed borders
- Pain that worsens when eating or drinking
- Single or multiple ulcers
- Tingling sensation before ulcer appears
Causes
Common Triggers:
- Minor mouth injuries
- Stress and anxiety
- Hormonal changes
- Nutritional deficiencies (particularly B12, iron, folate)
- Food sensitivities
- Certain medications
Types of Mouth Ulcers
-
Minor ulcers (80% of cases)
- Small (2-8mm)
- Heal within 2 weeks
- No scarring
-
Major ulcers
- Larger (>10mm)
- Can take 6+ weeks to heal
- May leave scars
-
Herpetiform ulcers
- Multiple tiny ulcers
- Cluster formation
- Heal within 1-2 weeks
Treatment Options
Self-Care Measures
- Salt water rinses
- Avoiding spicy/acidic foods
- Good oral hygiene
- Soft-bristled toothbrush
Medical Treatments
- Topical antiseptics
- Local anesthetic gels
- Corticosteroid preparations
- Protective pastes
When to See a Doctor
- Ulcers lasting >3 weeks
- Extremely painful ulcers
- Recurring ulcers
- Fever or other systemic symptoms
Prevention
- Maintain good oral hygiene
- Use soft-bristled toothbrush
- Avoid known trigger foods
- Manage stress levels
- Consider vitamin supplements if deficient