Understanding Myasthenia Gravis

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue. The condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the communication point between nerves and muscles.

Key Symptoms

• Muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest
• Drooping eyelids (ptosis)
• Double vision (diplopia)
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing
• Weakness in arms, legs, and neck
• Breathing difficulties in severe cases

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

1. Physical examination
2. Blood tests for acetylcholine receptor antibodies
3. Electromyography (EMG)
4. Edrophonium test
5. Imaging studies (CT or MRI)

Treatment Options

Medications

• Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., pyridostigmine)
• Immunosuppressive drugs
• Corticosteroids

Other Treatments

• Thymectomy (surgical removal of the thymus gland)
• Plasmapheresis
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Living with Myasthenia Gravis

Daily Management

• Plan activities during periods of peak energy
• Take regular rest periods
• Avoid triggers that worsen symptoms
• Follow medication schedules strictly

Warning Signs

Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing:

• Severe difficulty breathing
• Inability to swallow
• Significant weakness

Support and Resources

• Join support groups
• Regular follow-up with healthcare providers
• Maintain communication with family about limitations
• Consider occupational therapy

Prognosis

With proper treatment and management, most people with MG can lead full, productive lives. Treatment success varies among individuals, but many achieve significant improvement in symptoms.