Understanding Myositis

What is Myositis?

Myositis is a group of rare conditions that cause muscle inflammation. The two main types are polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). These conditions belong to the family of autoimmune disorders, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue.

Key Types

Polymyositis

• Causes progressive muscle weakness
• Primarily affects proximal muscles
• Usually develops in adults between 30-60 years

Dermatomyositis

• Combines muscle weakness with skin manifestations
• Distinctive rash on face, knuckles, and chest
• Can affect both children and adults

Common Symptoms

Muscle Symptoms

• Progressive muscle weakness
• Difficulty climbing stairs or rising from chairs
• Fatigue
• Muscle pain and tenderness

Skin Symptoms (Dermatomyositis)

• Violet-colored or red rash
• Gottron's papules over knuckles
• Heliotrope rash around eyes

Diagnosis

Testing Methods

1. Blood tests (CK levels, autoantibodies)
2. EMG (Electromyography)
3. Muscle biopsy
4. MRI imaging

Treatment Options

Medications

• Corticosteroids (primary treatment)
• Immunosuppressive drugs
• Biological agents

Supportive Care

• Physical therapy
• Occupational therapy
• Exercise programs
• Sun protection (for dermatomyositis)

Living with Myositis

Self-Management

• Regular exercise within limits
• Balanced nutrition
• Adequate rest
• Sun protection

When to Seek Help

• Worsening weakness
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe rash
• Swallowing problems

Prognosis and Outlook

With proper treatment, many patients achieve good disease control. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment are key to better outcomes.