What is Oesophageal Cancer?
Oesophageal cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the tissues of the oesophagus (food pipe), the muscular tube connecting your throat to your stomach.
Types
-
Squamous cell carcinoma: Develops in the flat cells lining the upper and middle oesophagus
-
Adenocarcinoma: Forms in glandular cells in the lower oesophagus, often associated with Barrett's oesophagus
Risk Factors
- Age (more common in people over 60)
- Smoking and alcohol consumption
- Chronic acid reflux (GERD)
- Barrett's oesophagus
- Obesity
- Poor diet low in fruits and vegetables
Common Symptoms
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chest pain or heartburn
- Chronic cough
- Hoarseness
- Indigestion
Diagnosis
-
Physical examination
-
Endoscopy: A camera examination of your oesophagus
-
Biopsy: Tissue sample analysis
-
Imaging tests: CT scans, PET scans, or MRI
Treatment Options
Surgery
- Oesophagectomy
- Minimally invasive techniques
Other Treatments
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
- Combined chemoradiotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
Living with Oesophageal Cancer
Dietary Modifications
- Soft, moist foods
- Small, frequent meals
- Proper positioning while eating
Support and Recovery
- Regular follow-up care
- Nutritional support
- Psychological support
- Support groups
Prevention
- Quit smoking
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Maintain healthy weight
- Eat a balanced diet
- Regular medical check-ups
When to Seek Medical Help
Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:
- Persistent difficulty swallowing
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chronic heartburn
- Voice changes lasting more than 3 weeks