Understanding Osteoarthritis

What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by the progressive breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. It primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as knees, hips, and spine.

Key Symptoms

• Joint Pain: Especially during or after movement
• Stiffness: Particularly in the morning or after inactivity
• Reduced Flexibility: Decreased range of motion
• Swelling: Around affected joints
• Grating Sensation: You may hear or feel grinding when using the joint

Risk Factors

• Age (more common over 50)
• Obesity
• Previous joint injuries
• Family history
• Repetitive stress on joints
• Gender (more common in women)

Diagnosis

Physical Examination

• Joint mobility assessment
• Pain evaluation
• Swelling observation

Imaging

• X-rays
• MRI (in some cases)
• CT scans (when needed)

Treatment Options

Non-Pharmaceutical Approaches

1. Weight management
2. Physical therapy
3. Exercise
4. Hot/cold therapy
5. Assistive devices

Medications

• Acetaminophen
• NSAIDs
• Topical treatments
• Corticosteroid injections

Surgical Options

• Joint replacement
• Arthroscopy
• Osteotomy

Self-Management Strategies

• Regular exercise
• Maintaining healthy weight
• Protecting joints
• Using assistive devices when needed
• Following prescribed treatment plans

When to See a Doctor

• Persistent joint pain
• Significant mobility limitations
• Signs of infection
• Severe swelling

Prognosis

While osteoarthritis is a chronic condition, proper management can significantly improve quality of life and slow progression.