What Is an Ovarian Cyst?
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or inside an ovary. They are common among women of reproductive age and are usually harmless.
Types of Ovarian Cysts
Functional Cysts
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Follicular cysts: Form when a monthly follicle doesn't release its egg
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Corpus luteum cysts: Develop after an egg has been released
Other Types
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Dermoid cysts: Contain tissue like hair, skin, or teeth
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Endometriomas: Associated with endometriosis
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Cystadenomas: Filled with watery or mucous material
Common Symptoms
- No symptoms (most common)
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Bloating
- Painful intercourse
- Changes in menstrual patterns
- Frequent urination
Risk Factors
- Being of reproductive age
- Hormonal imbalances
- Pregnancy
- Endometriosis
- Previous ovarian cysts
Diagnosis
- Pelvic examination
- Ultrasound imaging
- Blood tests
- Other imaging tests as needed
Treatment Options
Watchful Waiting
- Most cysts disappear naturally within a few months
- Regular monitoring through ultrasound
Medical Management
- Birth control pills to prevent new cysts
- Pain medication as needed
Surgical Options
- Laparoscopy for smaller cysts
- Laparotomy for larger or suspicious cysts
When to Seek Medical Attention
- Sudden severe abdominal pain
- Fever
- Rapid breathing
- Weakness or dizziness
- Nausea and vomiting
Prevention
- Regular pelvic exams
- Prompt attention to unusual symptoms
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
Long-term Outlook
Most ovarian cysts are benign and resolve without treatment. Regular medical check-ups help ensure early detection and appropriate management when necessary.