What is Hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). These hormones control many important bodily functions, including metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.
Common Causes
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Graves' Disease: An autoimmune disorder (most common cause)
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Toxic Nodular Goiter: Overactive thyroid nodules
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Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland
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Excessive iodine intake
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Medication-induced: Some medications can affect thyroid function
Key Symptoms
Physical Symptoms:
- Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Excessive sweating
- Tremors in hands and fingers
- Muscle weakness
Mental/Emotional Symptoms:
- Anxiety and nervousness
- Irritability
- Sleep difficulties
- Difficulty concentrating
Diagnosis
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Blood Tests:
- TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
- Free T4 and T3 levels
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Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test
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Thyroid Scan
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Physical Examination
Treatment Options
Medications:
- Anti-thyroid drugs (methimazole, propylthiouracil)
- Beta-blockers for symptom relief
Other Treatments:
- Radioactive iodine therapy
- Thyroid surgery (thyroidectomy)
- Lifestyle modifications
Complications if Untreated
- Heart problems
- Osteoporosis
- Eye problems (especially with Graves' disease)
- Thyroid storm (rare but serious)
Living with Hyperthyroidism
- Regular medical check-ups
- Medication compliance
- Balanced diet
- Stress management
- Regular exercise as tolerated
When to Seek Medical Care
- Rapid heart rate
- Severe anxiety
- Unusual weakness
- Vision changes
- Significant weight loss