What is Parkinson's Disease?
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement. It develops when nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine become impaired or die.
Key Symptoms
Primary Motor Symptoms
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Tremor - Usually begins in hands; typically occurs at rest
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Bradykinesia - Slowness of movement
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Muscle Rigidity - Stiffness in limbs and trunk
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Postural Instability - Balance problems and falling risk
Non-Motor Symptoms
- Depression and anxiety
- Sleep disorders
- Cognitive changes
- Loss of smell
- Speech difficulties
Diagnosis
- Clinical examination by a neurologist
- Medical history review
- Neurological and physical examinations
- Response to Parkinson's medications
Treatment Options
Medications
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Levodopa - Gold standard treatment
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Dopamine Agonists - Mimics dopamine effects
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MAO-B Inhibitors - Helps preserve dopamine
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Anticholinergics - Controls tremors and rigidity
Additional Therapies
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Speech therapy
- Exercise programs
Living with Parkinson's
Lifestyle Modifications
- Regular exercise
- Balanced nutrition
- Adequate rest
- Stress management
- Home safety modifications
Support Systems
- Family and caregiver support
- Support groups
- Regular medical follow-up
- Mental health care
Research and Future
- Ongoing clinical trials
- New treatment approaches
- Genetic research
- Biomarker studies
When to Contact Your Doctor
- Worsening symptoms
- New symptoms
- Medication side effects
- Falls or safety concerns