What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs become weak or damaged, causing one or more pelvic organs to drop or press into or out of the vagina.
Common Types
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Cystocele: Bladder prolapse
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Rectocele: Rectum prolapse
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Uterine prolapse: Uterus descent
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Vaginal vault prolapse: Top of vagina prolapse (post-hysterectomy)
Risk Factors
- Pregnancy and vaginal childbirth
- Age and menopause
- Obesity
- Chronic coughing
- Heavy lifting
- Genetic factors
- Previous pelvic surgery
Common Symptoms
- Sensation of pressure or fullness in pelvic area
- Feeling of something falling out of vagina
- Urinary problems (difficulty or frequent urination)
- Difficulty with bowel movements
- Lower back pain
- Sexual difficulties
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Medical history review
- Pelvic exam
- Imaging tests (if needed)
Treatment Options
Conservative Treatments
- Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels)
- Lifestyle modifications
- Weight management
- Pessary devices
Surgical Options
- Reconstructive surgery
- Obliterative surgery
- Minimally invasive procedures
Prevention Strategies
- Maintain healthy weight
- Practice pelvic floor exercises
- Avoid heavy lifting
- Treat chronic cough
- Manage constipation
When to Seek Medical Care
Consult your healthcare provider if you:
- Feel pressure in your pelvic area
- Notice a bulge in or outside your vagina
- Experience urinary or bowel problems
- Have discomfort during physical activities
Living with POP
- Regular follow-up care
- Lifestyle adjustments
- Support group participation
- Open communication with healthcare providers