Understanding Pilonidal Sinus Disease

What is a Pilonidal Sinus?

A pilonidal sinus is a small tunnel (sinus tract) that develops beneath the skin, usually near the tailbone at the top of the cleft of the buttocks. This condition most commonly affects young adults, particularly men, and can become infected and filled with fluid or pus.

Common Symptoms

• Pain or tenderness over the affected area
• Redness of the skin
• Swelling or a bump at the site
• Drainage of pus or blood
• Foul odor
• Fever (in cases of infection)

Risk Factors

• Being male
• Age between 20-30 years
• Having coarse body hair
• Prolonged sitting
• Obesity
• Family history
• Poor personal hygiene

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made through:

1. Physical examination
2. Patient history
3. Sometimes imaging studies (if complications are suspected)

Treatment Options

Conservative Management

• Regular cleaning and hair removal
• Proper hygiene maintenance
• Antibiotics (if infected)

Surgical Options

1. Incision and Drainage

   • For acute infections
   • Temporary relief

2. Excision Surgery

   • Complete removal of the sinus
   • Can be left open or closed
   • May require longer healing time

Prevention

• Maintain good hygiene
• Keep the area dry and clean
• Regular hair removal
• Avoid prolonged sitting
• Maintain a healthy weight

Recovery and Follow-up

• Recovery time varies by treatment method
• Regular wound care is essential
• Follow-up appointments are important
• Watch for signs of recurrence

When to Seek Medical Attention

Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Increasing pain
• Fever
• Excessive drainage
• Spreading redness
• Persistent symptoms