What is PCOS?
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It involves multiple small cysts on the ovaries, irregular periods, and elevated levels of male hormones (androgens).
Key Symptoms
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism)
- Acne
- Weight gain and difficulty losing weight
- Thinning scalp hair
- Multiple small cysts on ovaries
- Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant
Causes and Risk Factors
Primary Factors:
- Excess insulin
- Elevated androgen levels
- Genetic predisposition
- Low-grade inflammation
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically requires at least two of these three criteria:
- Irregular periods
- Excess androgens (blood tests or physical signs)
- Polycystic ovaries (confirmed by ultrasound)
Health Implications
- Increased risk of type 2 diabetes
- Cardiovascular disease
- Endometrial cancer
- Depression and anxiety
- Infertility
Treatment Options
Lifestyle Changes
- Regular exercise
- Healthy diet
- Weight management
Medications
- Birth control pills
- Anti-androgen medications
- Metformin for insulin resistance
- Fertility medications (if trying to conceive)
Living with PCOS
Self-Management Strategies
- Regular medical check-ups
- Blood sugar monitoring
- Stress management
- Support group participation
When to See a Doctor
Consult healthcare providers if experiencing:
- Irregular periods
- Difficulty conceiving
- Unusual hair growth
- Significant weight changes
Prevention of Complications
- Regular screening for diabetes
- Cardiovascular health monitoring
- Mental health support when needed
- Regular exercise routine