What is PMS?
PMS is a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that many women experience in the days or weeks before their menstrual period. These symptoms typically occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve shortly after menstruation begins.
Common Symptoms
Physical Symptoms
- Breast tenderness and swelling
- Bloating and water retention
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Acne flare-ups
- Food cravings or changes in appetite
Emotional and Behavioral Symptoms
- Mood swings
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Difficulty concentrating
- Sleep changes
Causes and Risk Factors
- Hormonal changes during menstrual cycle
- Chemical changes in the brain
- Family history
- Age (more common in late 20s to early 40s)
- Stress
- Poor dietary habits
Management Strategies
Lifestyle Changes
- Regular exercise (30 minutes daily)
- Adequate sleep (7-9 hours)
- Stress reduction techniques
- Balanced diet
Dietary Modifications
- Reduce salt intake
- Limit caffeine and alcohol
- Increase complex carbohydrates
- Stay well hydrated
Treatment Options
Over-the-Counter Medications
- NSAIDs for pain relief
- Diuretics for bloating
Prescription Medications
- Birth control pills
- Antidepressants (SSRIs)
- Anti-anxiety medications
When to Seek Medical Help
- Symptoms interfere with daily life
- Severe depression or anxiety
- Physical symptoms are severe
- Current treatments aren't effective
Prevention Tips
- Track symptoms in a diary
- Maintain regular exercise routine
- Practice stress management
- Follow a consistent sleep schedule
- Consider vitamin supplements (B6, calcium, magnesium)