What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer develops in the prostate gland, a small walnut-shaped organ in men that produces seminal fluid. It's one of the most common cancers in men, particularly those over 50.
Risk Factors
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Age: Risk increases after age 50
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Family history: Genetic factors play a significant role
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Race: More common in African American men
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Lifestyle factors: Diet and obesity may contribute
Common Symptoms
- Difficulty urinating
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- Blood in urine or semen
- Pelvic area discomfort
- Erectile dysfunction
- Bone pain (in advanced cases)
Diagnosis
Initial Screening
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PSA Test: Measures prostate-specific antigen levels
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Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Physical examination of the prostate
Confirmation
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Prostate Biopsy: Tissue sample analysis
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Imaging: MRI and other scans when needed
Treatment Options
Active Surveillance
For low-risk, slow-growing cancers:
- Regular monitoring
- Periodic PSA tests
- Repeated biopsies
Surgery
- Radical prostatectomy
- Robotic-assisted procedures
- Nerve-sparing techniques when possible
Radiation Therapy
- External beam radiation
- Brachytherapy (internal radiation)
Other Treatments
- Hormone therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Cryotherapy
Living with Prostate Cancer
- Regular follow-up care
- Lifestyle modifications
- Support groups
- Management of side effects
Prevention and Screening
- Regular check-ups after age 50
- Earlier screening for high-risk groups
- Healthy lifestyle choices
- Balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables