What is a Pulmonary Embolism?
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious condition where a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs. These clots typically form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and travel to the lungs.
Key Risk Factors
- Extended periods of immobility
- Recent surgery or injury
- Cancer
- Pregnancy and postpartum period
- Hormonal medications
- Family history of blood clots
- Obesity
Common Symptoms
Immediate Symptoms
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Chest pain (especially when breathing)
- Rapid heartbeat
- Coughing (sometimes with bloody sputum)
Additional Signs
- Anxiety and restlessness
- Lightheadedness
- Sweating
- Low blood pressure
Diagnosis
Common Tests Include:
- CT pulmonary angiogram
- D-dimer blood test
- Chest X-ray
- VQ scan
- Ultrasound of legs
Treatment Options
-
Medications:
- Blood thinners (anticoagulants)
- Clot-dissolving medications (thrombolytics)
-
Procedures:
- IVC filter placement
- Catheter-directed treatments
Prevention
- Stay active during long trips
- Wear compression stockings when advised
- Take prescribed blood thinners
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Stop smoking
When to Seek Emergency Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Severe chest pain
- Fainting
- Coughing up blood
Recovery and Follow-up
- Follow medication schedules strictly
- Attend all follow-up appointments
- Monitor for bleeding complications
- Gradually return to normal activities
- Discuss lifestyle modifications with healthcare provider