Understanding Schistosomiasis

What is Schistosomiasis?

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma. The infection occurs when people come into contact with contaminated freshwater containing the parasites.

Key Facts

• Affects over 200 million people worldwide
• Most common in tropical and subtropical regions
• Preventable and treatable condition
• Can cause both acute and chronic symptoms

Transmission

The infection cycle involves:

1. Parasites released by freshwater snails
2. Penetration through human skin during water contact
3. Migration to blood vessels where adult worms develop

Common Symptoms

Acute Phase (Katayama Fever)

• Fever and chills
• Cough
• Muscle aches
• Rash or itchy skin

Chronic Phase

• Abdominal pain
• Blood in urine or stool
• Liver enlargement
• Difficulty urinating

Diagnosis

• Microscopic examination of stool or urine
• Blood tests for antibodies
• Imaging studies in chronic cases

Treatment

Medical Management

• Praziquantel is the primary medication
• Usually requires single-day treatment
• Follow-up testing recommended

Prevention

1. Avoid swimming in freshwater in endemic areas
2. Drink safe, filtered water
3. Use protective clothing when exposure can't be avoided
4. Follow local health guidelines when traveling

When to Seek Medical Care

Consult a healthcare provider if you:

• Have traveled to endemic areas and developed symptoms
• Experience bloody urine or stools
• Develop persistent fever or fatigue

Long-term Outlook

With proper treatment, the prognosis is excellent. However, delayed treatment can lead to chronic complications affecting the liver, bladder, or intestines.