Understanding Sinusitis

What Are Sinuses?

Your sinuses are hollow spaces in the bones around your nose and eyes. There are four pairs of sinuses, each lined with soft tissue called mucosa that produces mucus to keep your nasal passages moist and trap germs.

What is Sinusitis?

Sinusitis occurs when your sinuses become inflamed, typically due to:

• Viral infections (most common)
• Bacterial infections
• Allergies
• Environmental irritants

Common Symptoms

Primary Symptoms

• Facial pain or pressure
• Nasal congestion
• Thick yellow or green nasal discharge
• Reduced sense of smell

Additional Symptoms

• Headache
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Bad breath
• Cough
• Dental pain

Types of Sinusitis

1. Acute Sinusitis

   • Lasts up to 4 weeks
   • Usually follows a cold

2. Chronic Sinusitis

   • Lasts 12 weeks or longer
   • May require specialized treatment

Treatment Options

Self-Care Measures

• Nasal irrigation with saline
• Steam inhalation
• Rest and hydration
• Over-the-counter pain relievers

Medical Treatments

• Decongestants
• Antihistamines (for allergy-related cases)
• Nasal corticosteroids
• Antibiotics (only if bacterial infection is confirmed)

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe symptoms
• Symptoms lasting longer than 10 days
• Multiple episodes per year
• Failed response to over-the-counter medications

Prevention

• Practice good hand hygiene
• Avoid known allergens
• Stay hydrated
• Use a humidifier
• Quit smoking
• Get annual flu shots

Complications

Rarely, untreated sinusitis can lead to serious complications affecting:

• Eyes
• Brain
• Bones

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe headache, visual changes, or mental confusion.