What is a Sore Throat?
A sore throat (pharyngitis) is inflammation or irritation of the throat that causes pain or discomfort, especially when swallowing.
Common Causes
-
Viral infections (most common)
- Common cold
- Flu (influenza)
- Mononucleosis
-
Bacterial infections
-
Environmental factors
- Dry air
- Allergies
- Smoking or secondhand smoke
- Acid reflux
Symptoms
Primary Symptoms
- Pain or scratchy sensation in throat
- Pain that worsens when swallowing
- Difficulty swallowing
- Swollen lymph nodes
Associated Symptoms
- Fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Headache
- Fatigue
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Severe throat pain
- Difficulty breathing
- Fever above 101°F (38.3°C)
- Symptoms lasting longer than 1 week
Treatment Options
Home Remedies
- Gargle with warm salt water
- Stay hydrated
- Rest your voice
- Use throat lozenges
- Try honey and warm liquids
Medical Treatment
-
For viral infections:
- Symptom management
- Rest and hydration
-
For bacterial infections:
- Antibiotics if prescribed
- Complete full course as directed
Prevention
- Wash hands frequently
- Avoid close contact with sick people
- Don't share personal items
- Quit smoking
- Stay hydrated
Recovery Time
- Viral sore throats: 5-7 days
- Bacterial infections: 24-48 hours after starting antibiotics