Understanding Swollen Glands

A Patient's Guide to Lymph Node Enlargement

Family Medicine

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

What Are Swollen Glands?

Swollen glands, medically known as lymphadenopathy, occur when lymph nodes become enlarged. These small, bean-shaped organs are part of your immune system and can be found throughout your body.

Common Locations

  • Neck (cervical lymph nodes)
  • Behind ears (postauricular nodes)
  • Under jaw (submandibular nodes)
  • Armpits (axillary nodes)
  • Groin (inguinal nodes)

Common Causes

Infections

  • Viral infections (common cold, flu)
  • Bacterial infections (strep throat)
  • Dental infections
  • Skin infections

Other Causes

  • Immune system disorders
  • Certain medications
  • Cancer (less common)
  • Autoimmune conditions

When to Seek Medical Care

Consult a healthcare provider if:

  • Swollen glands persist > 2 weeks
  • Nodes are hard or immovable
  • Accompanied by fever, night sweats
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Size > 1 inch (2.5 cm)

Treatment Options

  1. Address Underlying Cause

    • Antibiotics for bacterial infections
    • Antiviral medications when appropriate
  2. Supportive Care

    • Warm compresses
    • Over-the-counter pain relievers
    • Rest and hydration

Prevention

  • Practice good hygiene
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle
  • Get recommended vaccinations
  • Avoid close contact with sick individuals

Prognosis

Most cases of swollen glands are benign and resolve on their own within 2-3 weeks with appropriate care.

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